Vol. 2, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Background: Effective self-management is critical for optimizing glycemic control and preventing complications in children with type 1 diabetes. However, children and adolescents face developmental, psychosocial, and behavioral barriers that limit their ability to manage their condition effectively. Nurses play a vital role in empowering young patients and families through structured education and behavioral support. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of structured nursing interventions on self-management behaviors and glycemic outcomes in children with type 1 diabetes using a mixed-methods approach. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, involving 80 children aged 8-16 years with type 1 diabetes. The intervention included four structured nurse-led sessions over 12 weeks, focusing on diabetes education, skills training, motivational interviewing, and psychosocial support. Quantitative data on HbA1c, adherence, and self-efficacy were collected at baseline and post-intervention. Qualitative interviews explored children’s and caregivers’ experiences. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests, multiple regression, and thematic analysis of qualitative data. Results: Significant improvements were observed in mean HbA1c levels, adherence, and self-efficacy scores post-intervention. The mean reduction in HbA1c was clinically meaningful, with a higher proportion of participants achieving target glycemic levels. Younger children showed greater improvements compared to adolescents. Regression analysis identified baseline HbA1c, adherence changes, and self-efficacy changes as independent predictors of post-intervention HbA1c. Qualitative findings reinforced quantitative results, highlighting increased knowledge, confidence, and engagement in self-care behaviors. Conclusion: Structured nursing interventions effectively enhance self-management behaviors and improve glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes. Tailoring interventions to developmental stages, integrating psychosocial support, and leveraging technology can further strengthen outcomes. Incorporating such nurse-led programs into routine pediatric diabetes care can promote long-term health and quality of life for affected children and their families.